Virus Neurologico Nei Cavalli

2025 Autore: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Ultima modifica: 2025-01-13 07:17

Malattia di Borna nei cavalli

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La borna è una malattia virale che si verifica nei cavalli (e in altri animali a sangue caldo). Scoperta per la prima volta nei cavalli in Germania, è prevalentemente una malattia che si trova oggi nei paesi europei e mediorientali. Non è noto che sia attualmente negli Stati Uniti.

Il virus della malattia di Borna (BDV) causa problemi neurologici ed è fatale in molti cavalli. I cavalli, le pecore e altri animali da fattoria sono ospiti naturali di questo virus, ma possono essere colpiti altri animali come i roditori.

Sintomi e tipi

I segni clinici del virus Borna sono simili ad altre malattie encefalitiche equine. Il tempo di incubazione è relativamente lungo e può richiedere fino a sei mesi dal momento dell'infezione fino alla comparsa dei segni clinici. Ciò è dovuto al lento movimento del virus lungo i neuroni.

• letargia
• Scarso coordinamento
• Cecità
• Debolezza
• Paralisi
• Crollo
• Comportamento strano (ad es. premere la testa o trovarsi negli angoli bui)

cause

La modalità di trasmissione virale è ancora sconosciuta, ma si pensa che avvenga per inalazione o ingestione. Si sospetta anche la trasmissione delle zecche, così come la diffusione del virus attraverso gli uccelli migratori.

Diagnosi

La diagnosi definitiva dell'infezione da virus Borna su un cavallo vivo è difficile. I campioni di liquido cerebrospinale (CSF) mostrano solo risultati tipici di molte diverse condizioni neurologiche infettive e non possono distinguere specificamente il virus di Borna. Dopo la morte, i campioni del sistema nervoso centrale possono essere inviati ai laboratori per ulteriori esami e l'identificazione del virus Borna effettuati a questo punto.

Trattamento

Al momento non esiste un trattamento specifico per la BDV. Tuttavia, sono stati condotti studi per isolare il virus e si stanno facendo progressi verso migliori opzioni di trattamento. Se un cavallo negli Stati Uniti dovesse essere diagnosticato con questa malattia, le autorità di regolamentazione dovrebbero essere informate.

Vivere e gestire

Nella maggior parte dei casi, la BDV è fatale nei cavalli, ma coloro che sopravvivono hanno effetti collaterali permanenti di questa condizione debilitante, come una ridotta funzione cerebrale o altri disturbi neurologici che possono rendere difficile la deambulazione. L'eutanasia viene spesso eletta.